Percussion instruments are the most physically demanding of all musical instruments. They are designed to be struck, shaken, and scraped, and as a result, they are subject to a great deal of wear and tear. From the resonant heads of a drum set to the delicate wooden bars of a marimba, every component of a percussion instrument requires regular care and maintenance to ensure its longevity and optimal sound quality. For the percussionist, taking care of their instruments is not just a matter of cleanliness; it’s an essential part of their craft. A well-maintained instrument sounds better, is more reliable, and will last a lifetime. This guide provides essential tips for the maintenance and care of a wide range of percussion instruments.
Drums: The Heart of the Rhythm Section
Drum sets are complex instruments with many moving parts, and they require regular attention.
1. Cleaning
After each playing session, wipe down the drum shells and cymbals with a soft, dry cloth to remove fingerprints and dust. For a deeper clean, use a damp cloth, followed immediately by a dry one. For cymbals, a dedicated cymbal cleaner can be used periodically to remove oxidation and restore their shine, but be aware that some drummers prefer the darker, more complex sound of aged, uncleaned cymbals.
2. Head Replacement
Drumheads are not meant to last forever. Over time, they lose their resonance and can develop dents and pits. How often you change them depends on how much you play, but a good rule of thumb is to replace the heads on your snare drum and toms every six months to a year. The resonant heads (the bottom heads) can be changed less frequently.
3. Hardware Lubrication
The moving parts of your drum set, such as the tension rods on the lugs and the chain on your bass drum pedal, should be lubricated periodically with a light machine oil or white lithium grease. This will ensure smooth operation and prevent rust.
Keyboard Percussion: Marimbas, Xylophones, and Vibraphones
Keyboard percussion instruments are significant investments, and their wooden or metal bars require special care.
1. Dusting
Keep the instrument covered when not in use to protect it from dust. Use a soft, dry cloth or a feather duster to clean the bars and resonators regularly.
2. Wood Care (Marimbas and Xylophones)
The wooden bars of a marimba or xylophone can be sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity. Avoid exposing the instrument to direct sunlight or extreme temperature fluctuations. To clean the bars, use a slightly damp cloth, followed immediately by a dry one. Some manufacturers recommend periodically treating the bars with a light lemon oil to prevent the wood from drying out.
3. Metal Care (Vibraphones and Glockenspiels)
The metal bars of a vibraphone or glockenspiel can be cleaned with a soft cloth and a standard glass cleaner. Be careful not to spray the cleaner directly on the bars; spray it on the cloth first.
Hand Percussion: Congas, Bongos, and Djembes
Hand drums with natural skin heads are particularly sensitive to environmental changes.
1. Head Care
Natural skin heads will expand and contract with changes in humidity, which will affect their tuning. It’s normal to have to retune the drum frequently. To clean the heads, use a slightly damp cloth and wipe gently. Avoid using oils or conditioners, as they can soften the head and deaden the sound.
2. Shell Care
The wooden shells of congas, bongos, and djembes can be cleaned with a soft, dry cloth. If the wood looks dry, you can apply a light coat of paste wax or furniture polish to restore its luster.
Cymbals and Gongs
Cymbals and gongs are made of metal alloys and can last a lifetime if cared for properly.
1. Cleaning
As mentioned earlier, cleaning cymbals is a matter of personal preference. If you choose to clean them, use a cleaner specifically designed for cymbals. Apply the cleaner with a soft cloth, working in the direction of the grooves (the lines on the cymbal). Rinse thoroughly with water and dry immediately to prevent water spots.
2. Preventing Cracks
Most cymbal cracks start at the edge. Always transport your cymbals in a padded cymbal bag to protect them from dings and dents. When mounting cymbals on a stand, use the plastic or rubber sleeves and felts that come with the stand. This will prevent metal-on-metal contact, which can cause the keyhole (the hole in the center of the cymbal) to crack.
General Storage and Transport
Cases and Bags: Always store and transport your instruments in appropriate cases or bags. This is the single most important thing you can do to protect them from damage.
Climate Control: Avoid storing your instruments in places with extreme temperatures or humidity, such as basements, attics, or the trunk of a car.
Conclusion
Your percussion instruments are your tools of the trade, and like any craftsman, you must take care of your tools. A consistent routine of cleaning, maintenance, and proper storage will not only keep your instruments looking and sounding their best but will also deepen your connection to them. By investing a small amount of time in caring for your instruments after each use, you are ensuring that they will be reliable partners in your musical journey for many years to come.